Ma Yong, a researcher at the Institute of Modern History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, was born in 1956 in Suixi, Anhui Province, and graduated from the Department of History of Anhui University in 1983 and the Department of History of Fudan University in 1986. He is the author of Three Thousand Years of Chinese Confucianism, A Study of Han Dynasty Spring and Autumn Study, Issues in Modern Chinese Culture, Beyond Revolution and Improvement, A General Theory of Chinese Civilization, Re-searching Modern China, Behind the New Knowledge: The Readers of Modern China, and Twenty Years of the Late Qing Dynasty.